Terry is on the right track here. It's more expensive than the brush replacement, but it looks like a new armature is most likely going to be the way to go.
Here's a link to the 5175 Armature in case you do decide to replace it. Both versions of the 5175 use the same armature, so you shouldn't have to worry about any compatibility issues.
Great info on the stone dust, by the way. Dry-cutting stone probably isn't a great idea for saws that aren't made specifically for it - even if these 5175s are pretty tough.